[Fundamentals] Chpt 4 - Lecture [Partial]

Massage and Medical Terminology for Professional Record Keeping:

• How we communicate: [Box 4-1]

• Language - is made up of socially shared rules that include the following:

• Sounds and symbols that convey meaning.
• Word definitions - vocabulary.
• Ability to make new words.
• Agreed upon sequences of words used to communicate - grammar.

• Terminology - languages specific to a specialized knowledge [medical terminology]
• Taxonomy - The science of classification according to a pre-determined system.
• Nomenclature - A system of names; a vocabulary, is a system of names with explanations of their meaning; a classification is a systematic organization of things.

• Terminology Defined by MTBOK [Box 4-2]

• Big box i'm going to try and simplify for you guys.
• Assessment - The collection and interpretation of information provided by the client, the client's family and friends the massage practitioner and referring medical professionals 
• Body, Mind, and Spirit - The three primary, interrelated, interacting, and integrated layers that comprise a health, balanced and unified human being.
• Body work - A term the encompasses all the various forms of massage, movement, and other touch techniques 
• Client - A recipient of service, be it from a wellness or a health care professional, regardless of his or her health status. All patients are clients, but not all clients are patients.
• Clinical Massage - Massage therapy practice involving more extensive use of assessment and specific focused techniques and applications with the intention of achieving clinical treatment or functional outcomes and remediation of symptoms.
• Deep tissue - Tissues beneath the superficial structure being treated.
• Deep tissue work/massage - A generic term commonly used to describe a variety of techniques to address specific deep tissues and structures, regardless of the force or pressure exerted or the level of discomfort or pain experienced during of after the application
• Discipline - An area of study involving particular concepts, a specific vocabulary, and so on.
• Massage therapy equivalent or related terms - Terms htat mean the same thing as massage; they also include therapeutic, body massage, myotherapy, massotherapy, body rub, massage technology, body work, bodywork therapy, somatic therapy, or any deviation of these terms.
• Massage therapist equivalent or related terms - Terms that mean the same thing as massage practitioner, they also include massage technician, somatic massage therapist, or any of a bunch of different terms. 
• Mobilization - The process of making a fixed part movable for releasing stored substances as in restoring motion to a joint, freeing a organ, or making available substances held in reserve in the body, such as glycogen or fat.
• Modality - A method of application or the employment of any physical agents and devices.
• Physical agent - Tools or materials used in the application of therapeutic modalities. the consist of energy and materials applied to the client/patient to assist in the achievement of a persons therapeutic goals.
• Soft tissues - The skin, fascia, adipose tissue, muscles, ect. ect.
• Special tests - methods use to assess for the presence of and to determine the degree of a condition in a client/patient.
• Standards of care - Treatment guidelines developed by the profession for a given condition which identify appropriate treatment based on scientific evidence and clinical experience.
• Standards of practice - Standards for the practice of a profession that members of that profession or organization are expected to adopt.
• Supportive Environment - A environment in which the therapist provides support and loving kindness within clear and appropriate boundaries.
• Technique - A procedure or skill used in massage therapy including; Compression, Friction, Gliding/stroking, Holding, Kneading, Lifting, Movement and mobilization, Percussion, Vibration.
• Therapeutic process - The capacity of the musculoskeletal system to self correct, come into balance and achieve equilibrium through the skillful normalization of tissue tone by a massage therapist.
• Treatment planning - The documented process of determining a treatment plan to address the therapeutic goals of the client/patient.
• Wellness -  The condition of optimum physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social, and vocational well-being.

Several Test questions in this section!!

[Terms]

[M - Myo - Muscles - Fibromyalgia]

[U - Nephr - Kidney - Polynephritis]

[R - Pulm - Lungs - Pulmonary]

[D - Gastro/colo - Stomach - Gastritis/ Colonospy]

[E - Adreno - Gland - Endocrine]

[R - Gyn - Female - Gynecologist]

[S - Osteo - Bone - Osteoporosis]

[I - Perma - Skin - Dermis]

[N - Necro - Nerve - Neuropathy]

[C - Cardio - Heart - Cardiovascular]

[H - Hemo - Blood - Hemotoma]

[Abbreviations]

[Epi = Over: Epidermis]

[Dis = Separation: Dislocation]

[Dys = Bad, Abnormal, Difficult: Dysphagia(Difficulty swallowing)]

[Hypo = Under: Hypoglycemia]

[Ante = Before, Forward: Antecubital]

[Hemi = Half: Hemiplegia]

[Ology = Study of: Pathology]

[Itis = Inflammation: Tendonitious]

[Rrhage = Excessive flow: hemorrhage]

[Positional Terms]:

Erect, Prone, Anatomical, Supine, Laterally Recumbent.

[Directional Terms]:

Dorsal/Posterior, Ventral/Anterior, Superior, Inferior, Superficial, Deep, Proximal, Distal, Intermediate, Medial, Lateral.

[Planes]:

Transverse, Frontal/Coronal, Sagittal

[Levels of structure]:

Chemical, Cellular, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism.

[Tissues]:
Tissues are a collection of specialized cells that perform a special function.

• Epithelial Tissue - Made with cells that intertwine with each other, forms the coverings that align various parts of the body including the surface of the skin.

Types of Muscle Tissue.

• Connective Tissue - Tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, often with collagen or other fibers, and including cartilaginous, fatty, and elastic tissues
• Muscle Tissue - Made of bundles of elongated cells it is the main component of the muscles attached to the skeleton.
• Nerve Tissue - Composed of tangles of neurons, forms the brain the spinal cord and the nerves. 

[Cavities]:

Cranial, Spinal, Thoracic(Super-Mediastinum, Pericardial, and Pleural) Diaphragm, Abdominal, Abdominopelvic, Pelvic. [Primary: Dorsal, Ventral]

[Spine]:

7 cervical vertebrae (upper neck)

12 thoracis vertebrae (middle back)

5 lumbar vertebrae (lower back)

5 sternum(fused) vertebrae (lower-er back)

2-3 coccyx(fused) vertebrae (butt)

[Skeletal System]:

206 bones, the bones of the skull, thorax and the spine form the "Axial skeletal". Protect the vital organs, Everything attached is considered the "Appendicular skeleton".

[Bone]:

Bone is a dense connective tissue composed primarily of calcium and phosphate.

[Joints]:

Joints are places where bones come together, where limbs are attached and where the motion if the skeletal system occurs

• Synarthrodial - Not movable.(joints in your head)
• Amphiarthrodial - Slightly movable (chest, pelvic area)
• Diathrodial - Most movable/freely movable (fingers hips and shoulders.)

Types of movements:

• Flexion - Movement that reduces the angle of a joint.
• Extension - Movement that increases the angle of a joint.
• Abduction - Movement away from the midline.
• Adduction - Movement toward the midline.
• Pronation - Turning of palm downward.
• Supination - Turning of palm upward.
• Eversion - Turning of the sole of the foot away from the midline.
• Inversion - Turning of the sole of the foot inward.
• Planter flexion - Movement of the planter surface of the sole of the foot downward.
• Dorsiflexion - Movement of the top or dorsal surface of the foot toward the shin
• Rotation - Rolling to the side.
• Circumduction - Moving in a cone; the ability to move the limb in a circular manner.
• Protraction - Thrusting a part of the body forward.
• Retraction - Pulling a part of the body backward.
• Elevation - Raising a part of the body.
• Depression - Lowering a part of the body.
• Opposition - Place one part of the body opposite another, as in placing the tip of the thumb opposite the tips of the fingers.

[Cartilage]:

The skeletal system includes two types of cartilage. Hyaline cartilage, which is very elastic, cushiony, and slippery, makes up the articular surfaces at the joints; the cartilage between the ribs and at the nose, larynx and trachea; and the fetal skeleton. Hyaline means "glass" the other type is "White fibrocartilage", which is elastic, flexible, and tough, is interarticular fibrocartilage found in joints such as the knee.

[Ligaments]

Attach bone to bone. Ligaments are pliable, flexible and tough.

[Skeletal Muscle]

Each skeletal muscle has sections, a origin where it begins, a insertion, where it attaches to (usually a mobile structure). and a muscle belly. Muscles create the potential for motion by creating a pulling force. Joints allow motion to occur. 

Smooth muscle involuntary wave-like contraction in the digestive tract = Remember peristalsis. 

Cardiac Muscle is also involuntary.

and Skeletal muscle is voluntary.

[3 types of actions]:

concentric, eccentric, isometric

• Concentric, Eccentric -  a form of isotonic actions. Isotonic contraction happens when movement meaning the proximal end is brought to the distal end, or the insertion is move to the origin. (Muscle contracting) Concentric - Muscle Contracts. Eccentric - Muscle Lengthens.
• Isometric - Tension put on the muscle but no contraction or movement occur. (pushing against a wall.)

Nervous System on wednesday [rest of the lecture]