[A&P] Chpt 2 - Key Terms

Biochemistry - Devoted to studying the chemical aspects of life.
Matter - Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Molecules - Molecules are particles of matter that are composed of one or more smaller units called Atoms.
Atoms - Basic units of matter.
Proton - Subatomic particle with a positive charge.
Neutron - Subatomic particle with no charge.
Electron - Subatomic particle with a negative charge.
Nucleus - The core of an atom, composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Atomic Number - Number of protons in an atom.
Atomic Mass - Number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Orbital - Certain limits away from the atom that electrons dart around in.
Energy Levels - Limited region surrounding the nucleus of an atom at a certain distance containing electrons; also know as "Shell"
Elements - Pure substances, composed of only one type of atom.
Compounds - Substance whose molecules have more than one element in them.
Ionic Bond - Chemical bond formed by the positive-negative attraction between 2 ions.
Dissociate - When a compound breaks apart in solution.
Electrolytes - Substance that ionizes(dissociates to form ions) in solution, rending the substance capable of conducting an electric current.
Covalent Bond - Bond formed when 2 atoms share their electron.
Hydrogen Bond - A weak "bond" formed by hydrogen elements. (like 2 molecules of a water, the hydrogen is attracted to the oxygen of another water molecule, much like magnets to the fridge, they are together but not hard to separate like a Covalent Bond is.)
Organic - Compounds that are composed of molecules that contain Carbon-Carbon C-C.(Helium, Carbon Dioxide.)
Inorganic - Compounds that lack carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Solvent - Substance in which other substances are dissolved.
Solute - Substance that dissolves into another substance.
Aqueous Solution - When water is the solvent for a mixture (blend of 2 or more kinds of molecules), the mixture is called an aqueous solution. (salt into water)
Dehydration Synthesis - Reactants combine only after two hydrogen (H) atoms and an oxygen (O) atom are removed.
Hydrolysis - disrupts the bonds in large molecules, causing them to be broken down into smaller molecules. (opposite of dehydration synthesis)
Adenosine Triphosphate - breaks apart in muscle cells (into ADP) to yield energy needed for muscle contraction.
Chemical Equation - Chemist use this to represent a chemical reaction.
Buffers - chemicals in blood that maintain pH.
Carbohydrate - (carbon and water) Organic compounds containing hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, in certain specific proportions.
Monosaccharide - basic unit of carbohydrate molecules.
Disaccharide - Molecule made up of 2 saccharide units.
Glycogen - Polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose.
Lipids - fats and oils, fats when are solid at room temperature, and  oils such as corn oil.
Triglycerides - lipid molecules formed by a glycerol unit joined to three fatty acids.
Phospholipids - Phosphate containing fats molecule found in cell membrane.
Cholesterol - a steroid lipid.
Peptide Bonds - covalent bonds linking amino acids within a protein molecule.
Enzymes - a functional protein acting as a biochemical catalyst, allowing chemical actions to take place in a suitable time-frame.
Lock-and-Key - Each Enzyme has a shape that fits the specific molecules it works on as a key fits a specific lock.
Nucleotides - basic building blocks of nucleic acids are called nucleotides.