Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. In the body most chemicals are in the form of Molecules. Molecules are particles of matter that composed of one of more smaller units called Atoms. There are 109 types of Atoms. A substance made up from one kind of atom is an Element. A atom is the smallest part of an Element that still has the properties of that Element.
There are 3 types of subatomic particles that make up an Atom:
- Protons - These particles have a positive charge (+).
- Neutron - These particles have no charge. (Think neutral.)
- Electron - These particles have a negative charge. (-)
The Neutron's and the Proton's are located in the middle of an atom called the "Nucleus".
- Atomic mass: Number of Proton's & Neutron's in the Atom.
- Atomic number: Number of Proton's in the Atom.
Negatively charged Electron's surround the nucleus at a distance. In a electrically neutral atom, there is one electron for ever proton. (1 - 1 = neutral) Electron's dart about in the atom's Orbitals.
- Orbitals - Atom's 1st Orbital can hold 2 electron's, the 2nd Orbital can hold 4 electron's, and the 3rd orbital can hold 8 electrons.
Orbital's are arranged by Energy Level's(EL) depending on their distance from the nucleus.
- Elements - one type of atom.
- Molecule - Two or more atom's together.
- Compound - Made of molecules.\
Now, what happens when a Atom has a uneven number of electrons in their orbital? Well they become unstable, when this happens it seeks another atom to bond with.
- Chemical bonds:
- Chemical bonds are formed when atoms are "unstable" they seek other atoms to bond with because their orbital is not "full". All but a hand-full of atoms have room for more electrons in their outer most energy level. (Noble gases.)
This is all for the lecture now, I'll continue after work tomorrow.
- Ionic Bonds - Ions formed when an atom gains or loses electrons in its outer energy level to become stable.
- Positive-Ions - Lost it's electrons.
- Negative-Ions - Has gained electrons.
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